Calendering-machine.



Nu. 632,7l4. Patented Sept. l2, I899. E. GESSNEB, Deod.

n. GESSNER, Administrator. CALENDERING MACHINE.

(Application filed Mar. 19, 1896.) (No Model.) 2 Sheqts-Sheet l.

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No. 632,7!4. Patented Sept. l2, I899. E. GESSNER, Decd.

D. GESSNER, Administrator. GALENDEBING MACHINE.

(Application filed M81. 19, 1896.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 (No Model.)

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NITED STATES PAT NT OFFICE.

ERNST G'ESSNER, OF AUE, GERMANY; DAVID GESSNER ADMINISTRATOR OF SAID ERNST GESSNER, DECEASED.

CALENDERING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 632,714, dated September 12, 1899.

Application filed March 19, 1896. Serial No. 583,852. (No model.)

To (all whont it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ERNST GESSNER, machine-builder, of Aue, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements in Calendering-Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, and for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Germany, dated February 3, 1895, No. SL979; in Belgium, dated October 8, 1895, No. 117,809, and in France, dated October 11, 1895, No. 250,898.

Machines for calendering fabrics comprise, essentially, two cylinders or rollers, oneviz., the main or pressing cylinder-being a roughened surface and rotating at a slower speed than the other or the polishing cylin der, which has a smooth surface, the roughened surface of the pressing-cylinder assisting the passage of the fabric through the machine up to the line of contact between the two cylinders where the pressing of the fabric is effected. The greater surface speed of the polishing or finishing roller drawing or tending to accelerate the passage of the fabric from this point is counteracted by the relatively slower surface speed of the pressingcylinder, whereby a polishing of the cloth is effected by the rubbing of the burnished surface of the polishing-roller upon it. The roughening of the surface of the pressingcylinder is sometimes obtained by coating the cylinder with wood fiber, cotton, felt, and such like; but in some cases in order to obtain the necessary amount of friction between the fabric and the surface of the cylinder the latter is coated with fine sand, powdered flint, or emery. There are objections to the employment of roughened rollers whatever class of material is employed to produce the roughening, the surfaces of rollers roughened with material of the softer kind being liable to be damaged by any unevenness of the cloth, while when the harder material is used the surface of the polishing or finishing roller is apt to become impressed or indented by the pressing-roller, while these impressions produce upon the clothin the process of polishing streaks or blemishes, necessitating the cloth being passed a second time or repeatcdly through the machine in order to properly finish it.

The'object of my invention is to obviate these objections, and I effect this by the employment of a device which while permitting of the pressing-cylinder being made smooth has the same retarding action upon the speed of travel of the cloth relatively to the surface speed of the polishing or finishing roller as resulted from the employment of a pressingroller with a roughened surface. This device may be a cylinder or a concave presser-plate bearing against the pressing-roller, so as to nip the fabric, thus retarding its passage. If a cylinder be employed, it may either be stationary or rotated at a slower surface speed than and in the same direction as the pressing-roller or the cloth or rotated in the oppo site direction. In cit-her case the cylinder or presser-plate may be heated internally, like the ordinary polishing-roller, in which case the device would serve not only to retard the cloth, but also to give it a preliminary polish.

It will be obvious that my invention permits of the pressing-roller being made of hard unyielding material not liable to be damaged by the roughness or unevenness of the cloth and that the latter will be finished by one pas-' sage through the machine. Consequently both the efiiciency and output from the machine will be considerably increased.

In cloth-pressing machines as now made a second pressing-cylinder is sometimes employed; but it does not smooth or calender the material, because the second roller runs at the same speed as the pressing-cylinder andas the cloth, and therefore does not serve for smoothing but only for pressing the fabric. Consequently a machine constructed according to my present invention constitutes in one machine a calender and cloth-press.

The polishing-cylinder and the retarding device, whether in the form of a cylinder or presser-plate, would preferably be arranged diametrically opposite one another against the pressing-cylinder, and thus counteract the disturbing effect of unbalanced pressure upon the pressing-cylinder, and two or more polishing or finishing cylinders or presserplates may be employed in conjunction with a single pressing-cylinder.

Figure l is a transverse sectional view of one form of device embodying my invention.

Figs. 2, 3, at, and 5 are diagrammatic views of sufficient number of parts to illustrate several modifications of my invention. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional detail of certain parts of my device to be hereinafter described.

In Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings I have shown one form of device embodying the vertical levers II, so that by turning said rod by means of a hand-lever h the two toggles are operated simultaneously to carry the presser-plate M and the roller G into and out of contact with the pressing-cylinder. The polishing or finishing roller G is mounted upon horizontal lever-arms H which are connected with weighted levers II at the bottom of the machine through connecting-rods Z and link 70, rigidly secured to rock-shaf t "W, which can be actuated by a hand-lever h. The drawing shows the toggle straightened or closed to the locking-point to exert pressure from the polishing or finishing roller G to the pressingcylinder P, which is thus forced against the stationary presser-bed M below. The pressing-cylinder P has its bearings located in movable arms or levers H (Shown in dotted lines.) The polishing or finishing roller G is coupled with the pressing-cylinder P through a suspension-link B, having a slotted or loose connection with the latter, in such a manner that when the polishing or finishing roller G is being raised by the toggle-joint connected therewith the roller will at first be lifted off the pressing-cylinder some distance of the travel and then takes the pressingcylinder along with it to move the latter from the presser-plate M.

The driving means for rotating the cylinders are represented in dotted lines for purposes of clearness, and in Fig. 1, S represents the main pulley fixed to a shaft at, which likewise carries a gear-wheel R, which meshes with a large gear-wheel R,secured to the journal of the roller G. The said journal also carries gear-wheel R which meshes with the wheel R secured to the journal of the pressing-cylinder P. The polishing or finishing roller G carries a gear-wheel R which is of the same diameter as the gear-wheel R and meshes with the wheel B? when the roller G is being brought into contact with the pressing-cylinder P., The gear-wheels R and R are smaller in diameter than the polishingrollers, and the gear-wheel R is larger in diameter than the pressing-cylinder, thus causing the polishing or finishing rollers to rotate at a higher rate of surface speed than the pressing-cylindorin order to cause a calen dering effect on the fabric passing between the said cylinders. I By changing the diameter of wheels R R and R different effects of finishingmay be obtained on the fabric.

In the drawings two presser-plates M M are shown arranged opposite corresponding smoothing-cylinders G G, so as to act uniformly on the cloth passing around the pressing-cylinder and at the same time prevent the cylinder from being displaced and distorted. The arrangement may, however, be varied, and I may employ additional cylinders P and G and presser plates M, as in existing calenders cylinders are employed for feeding and polishing the fabric. The employment of these additional smoothing and feeding cylinders and presser-plates is brought about in an obvious manner and needs no special description.

Instead of being positively driven one of the pressing-cylinders may be driven byfriction, and thus act simply as a presser. 'To permit of a number of smoothing-cylinders and presscr-plates being arranged around the pressing or feeding cylinders P, these latter would be made of greater diameter than if one or two only are employed. In lieu of pressers I may use smoothing-cylinders,either stationary or rotating slowly in the direction of the cloth or in the opposite direction, thus exerting a retarding effect on the cloth against the drawing effect of the polishing-cylinders.

Fig. 2 shows twopressing-cylinders P P, with a polishing-cylinder A interposed be- .tween them and a presser-plate M pressed against cylinder P. Motion is imparted to the cylinders P and A in the same or in similar manner to that shown and described with reference to Fig. 1 or in any desired manner. In Fig. 3 the cylinders P G P G are shown arranged horizontally. The two pressingcylinders P P are provided with presser plates M M, which may either be stationary or adjustable. The cylinder G may be employed either as a polishing-cylinder or as a pressing-cylinder.

In Fig. 4 there are two pressing-cylinders, P and P, two polishing-cylinders G and G, with drawing efiect, and two smoothing-cylinders M M, with retarding and pressing effect, which latter may either be stationary or rotated slowly either with the traveling cloth or in the opposite direction to counteract the drawing effect of the two cylinders G G.

Fig. 5 shows a combination of pressing-cylinders P P P polishing-cylinders G G, and of smoothing-cylinders with retarding efiect M MM and presser-plates, as before. The fabric is fed and the cylinders so arranged that alternately a drawing and then a retarding effect is communicated to the fabric.

The modifications or arrangements shown in Figs. 4 and 5 will allow of pressing and polishing the cloth on both sides simultaneously.

The retarding effect of the smoothing-cylinders is effected by the mechanism shown in Fig. 6, but which I do not claim as my invention. This consists of a flanged friction-disk F, keyed to the journal Z of the cylinder M, around which passes a brake-band, by means of which the speed of the cylinder which revolves in the direction of the traveling cloth may be diminished or the rotation of the cylinder arrested. On the outer end of the journal Z loosely turns a friction-disk F, having a toothed rim R by which it is driven from the pressing-cylinder or other part of the machine. When the cylinder M is to be positively driven, the friction-disk F is clamped against disk F, which is effected by turning the hand-wheel H of the screwed spindle Z, whereby the collar K is pressed against ring g and this against the friction-disk F. By the action of this mechanism when both friction-disks F F are pressed together the retaining smoothing-cylinder M may be rotated at any speed at will in the direction opposite to that in which the cloth travels. When the two friction-disks are separated, the speed of rotation of the cylinder M is lessened and it may be rotated at the same speed as that with which the cloth travels. Thus provision is made whereby the retaining smoothing-cylinder may be rotated at any speed in the same direction or in the opposite direct-ion to that in which the cloth travels. The frictiondisks may, however, be omitted and the smoothing-cylinder positively driven, but in this case the speed cannot be varied at will.

\Vhile I have described with considerable particularity the construction and arrangement of several devices embodying my invention, various changes in the construction and arrangement of the parts may be made without departing from the invention.

My invention may be applied to calenders at present constructed and presser-machines with presser-plates.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a calendering-machine, the combination of a pressing-cylinder and polishingroller, with means connected therewith for driving said polishing-roller at a greater surface speed than the pressing-cylinder to efiect a calendering of the fabric carried thereon, and a device adapted to press the fabric against the pressing-cylinder during the passage of the fabric through the machine so as to tend to retain it in contact with the sur' face of the cylinder and to retard the passage of the fabric through the machine, whereby the fabric in its passage through the machine is simultaneously and continuously pressed and calendered, substantially as specified.

2. In a calendering-machine, the combination of a pressing-cylinder and polishingroller, with means connected therewith for driving said polishing-roller at a greater surface speed than the pressing-cylinder as to ef fect a calendering of the fabric carried thereon, a cylinder adapted to press the fabric against the pressing-cylinder and means connected therewith to retain it in contact with the surface of the pressing-cylinder and to retard the movement of the fabric through the machine in opposition to the accelerating tendency of the polishing-roller,substan tially as and for the purpose specified.

3. A combined cloth pressing and calendering machine comprising a continuously-rotating pressing-cylinder and a polishing-roller driven at a greater rate of surface speed than the pressing-cylinder, a hollow steam-heated cylinder bearing against said pressing-cylinder and rotating at less surface speed than said pressing-cylinder so as to efiect a resistance to the pull upon the fabric produced by the polishing-roll and means for regulating the speed of the steam-heated or drag cylinder with relation to the pressing-cylinder,substantially as described.

ERNST GESSNER.

In. presence of ENGLE ABEL, B. MEINIG. 

